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  中觀派 - [py] zhōngguān pài [wg] chung-kuan p'ai [ko] 중관파 chungkwan p'a [ja] チュウガンハ chūgan ha ||| Mādhyamika, one of the major streams of Indian Mahāyāna Buddhism which was to have a profound impact on all subsequent forms of Buddhism which arose in East Asia and Tibet. Based chiefly in the "middle way" 中論 philosophy of Nāgārjuna 龍樹, the Mādhyamika thinkers sought to investigate a middle ground between the two extremes of existence 有 or non-existence 無 of things. Seen through the logic of dependent co-arising 縁起, all things were seen to be lacking of inherent nature 自性to be empty 空. The most important successor to Nāgārjuna in the development of this school was Āryadeva 聖提婆　(170-270, also commonly written 提婆) who helped to complete the framework of the Mādhyamika system in his Catuh-śataka 四百論, etc. He was followed a few centuries later by such figures as Buddhapālita (佛護, c.470-540), Bhāvaviveka (清辯, c. 490-570) and Candrakīrti (月稱, c. 650), who worked out, each in their own ways various types of proofs for the explanation of and apprehension of the nature of emptiness. Some of the most important basic antagonistic positions within the broad Mādhyamika tradition can be seen in the disagreement between Bhāvaviveka and Candrakīrti: while Bhāvaviveka used one form of logical argumentation to establish the truth of emptiness in a positive manner, Candrakīrti denied the validity of the use of logical propositions which ended up affirming any sort of positive position. This basic disagreement would become embedded within the Mādhyamika school to the extent that two distinct philosophical factions developed: the Svātrantika (Dulilunzhengpai 獨立論證派), which basically followed the position of Bhāvaviveka and the Prāsaṇgika (Guimiulunzhengpai 歸謬論證派), which supported the opinion of Buddhapālita and Candrakīrti. Some later (eighth century) Mādhyamika thinkers such as Śāntarakṣita 寂護 and Kamalaśīla 蓮華戒 blended the Mādhyamika theories together with that of the Yogācāra movement, which had risen in popularity during the fifth century. The Three-treatise school 三論宗 which arose in East Asia was based primarily in the basic positions of the school's earliest thinkers, Nāgārjuna and Āryadeva. [Dictionary References] Naka958b Iwa567 JE34a/36 FKS1037 [Credit] cmuller
  (Digital Dictionary of Buddhism - A. Charles Muller)

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