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• tam thân :
  三身 - [py] sānshēn [wg] san-shen [ko] 삼신 samsin [ja] サンシン sanshin ||| (trikāya). The 'three bodies' of the Buddha. (I) Dharmakāya, sambhogakāya, nirmānakāya. (1) The dharmakāya (fashen 法身) is a reference to the transcendence of form and realization of true thusness; (2) the sambhogakāya (baoshen 報身) is the buddha-body that is called 'reward body' or 'body of enjoyment of the merits attained as a bodhisattva'; (3) the nirmānakāya (huashen 化身, yingshen 應身) is the body manifested in response to the need to teach sentient beings. (II) In the Faxiang 法相 school the three bodies are explained in this way: (1) the Buddha body in its self-nature, which is the same as the dharma body; (2) the body which he receives for enjoyment shouyongshen 受用身. Within this is the body received for one's own enjoyment in the transformation into Great Reflecting Wisdom, and the body received for the enjoyment of others in the transformation into the Wisdom of Awareness of Equality. The first one is experienced only in the Buddha realm, while the second is experienced from the first stage of bodhisattva 菩薩 practice and above. (3) The transformation body, by which he can appear in any form. This body is manifested according to the arousal of the wisdom which brings the salvation of sentient beings to fulfillment
  From this, Buddha-body theory was expanded from three, to four, and even up to ten Buddha- bodies. Among these, the Mahāyāna theory of the three bodiesthe Dharma-body, the Reward-body, and the Response-body is most common. The Dharma body 法身 is considered to be the eternal indestructible true principle, the Buddha's original body. The Response body 應身 is considered to be the Buddha's manifest body, but in Mahāyāna Buddhism is regarded as the personification body, which from true principle manifests according to the temperaments and abilities of sentient beings in order to save them.
  The Reward body 報身 (baoshen) is manifest as a combination of the other two, and is therefore not simply eternal true principle, nor simply an impermanent personality. Rather, it is an ideal body possessed by those who have awakened to the true principle based on meritorious practice. It is the living form of the eternal principle, possessing individuality. This is a general explanation, and there have been a large number of interpretations of buddha-body theory offered in the history of Buddhism, among which there are significant differences. [Dictionary References] Naka477c ZGD400d Ina08 JE258b/285 Yo588 FKS555 DFB Iwa321 [Credit] cmuller(entry) cwittern(py).
  (Digital Dictionary of Buddhism - A. Charles Muller)

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