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  密宗 - [py] Mìzōng [wg] Mi-tsung [ko] 밀종 Miljong [ja] ミツシュウ Misshū ||| Mizong; Esoteric Buddhism (vajrayāna, tantrayāna, mantrayāna); in China, this broad range of Buddhist teachings is usually named with this term, whereas in Japan, it is usually called mikkyō 密教. Also known as the True Word Sect 眞言宗, the Yoga Sect 瑜伽宗, Adamantine Peak Sect 金剛頂宗, the Sect of Vairocana 毘盧遮那宗, the Sect of Revealing the Origin 開元宗, and the Secret Vehicle 祕密乘. A later forming school of Buddhism, originating in India, and having extensive influence in Tibet, as well as considerable influence in China and Japan, but less in Korea. The hallmark of the school was a reliance on mystical formulas called mantra and dhāraṇī 陀羅尼. As the school developed, scriptures were written which focused on esoteric practices such as these. The term tantrayāna is applied due to the fact that the school was based on texts called tantras. Mantrayāna refers to the usage of chants and dhāraṇīs, while vajrayāna refers to the dominant symbol of the school, the vajra, translated variously as "thunderbolt," "diamond" and "cudgel." The school developed its system of philosophy borrowing from Mādhyamika 中觀派and Yogācāra 瑜伽行派. Though admitting the emptiness of all phenomena, practitioners believe that the phenomenal world is not to be disregarded but to be looked upon as a vehicle for progress toward liberation. Developing in India during the seventh and eight centuries under the influence of ritualistic Hinduism, it was transmitted into China during the Tang dynasty by Śubhākarasiṃha, Vajrabodhi 菩提金剛 and Amoghavajra 不空金剛. In Japan, the esoteric teachings were systemized into Shingon 眞言宗 and Tendai 天台宗. For a study of this school in China, see Chou (1945). [Dictionary References] Naka1297c FKS4477 DFB BIC325-337 [Credit] cmuller(entry)
  (Digital Dictionary of Buddhism - A. Charles Muller)

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