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  地獄 - [py] dìyù [wg] ti-yü [ko] 지옥 chiok [ja] ジゴク jigoku ||| Translated into English as "hell" but literally refers to a prison in the bowels of the earth where it prisoners are subject to all kinds of torture as a result of their extensive evil activities in their prior life (such as violating the precepts 破戒). The original Indic terms of naraka and niraya (Sanskrit and Pali) are transliterated into Chinese as 奈落 (那落) and 泥黎 respectively. It is considered as one of the three evil destinies 三惡道 (三惡趣) five destinies 五趣, six destinies 六道, and ten realms 十界. The scriptures have extensive categories and lists of the hells, among the most well-known are the eight hot hells 八熱地獄 (八大地獄) and eight cold hells 八寒地獄 that extend between the saṃjīva 等活 and avīci 阿鼻 hells, which are all part of the primary hells 根本地獄. These also have secondary, or adjacent hells attached to them. A third class of hells are the "isolated" hells 孤地獄 in the mountains, deserts, below and above the earth. The composition of and relationship between the hells is explained in detail in such scriptures as the Abhidharmakośa-bhāsya 倶舎論. As one might expect, this extensive theory of hells developed over a long period of time, based on numerous sources and influences in Indian religion. All of the Buddhist dictionaries listed in the references for this entry contain extensive detail regarding the lists and attributes of the hells. [Dictionary References] iwa347 naka561d soot207 Iwa347 [Credit] cmuller(entry)
  (Digital Dictionary of Buddhism - A. Charles Muller)

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