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• tứ duyên :
  四縁 - [py] sìyuán [wg] ssu-yüan [ko] 사연 sayŏn [ja] シエン shien ||| 'four conditions', 'four causes.' {I} In the Consciousness-only 唯識 school, a broad division into four types, of the causes that produce all things. In this case, the ideograph yuan 縁 has the meaning of yin 因. This classification is used especially in explaining the "nature of dependent arising 依他起性." The explanation of the relationship of these four causes to the "six causes" 六因 differs between Consciousness-only and Abhidharma-kośa. The four are: (1) yinyuan 因縁 (hetu-pratyaya) a direct internal cause that produces a result. Refers to newly producing the fruit of a personseeds and their manifestation. The production by the seeds in the ālaya Consciousness of the world cognized through the seven consciousnesses. (2) dengwujianyuan 等無間縁 (saṃanantara-pratyaya) Since the prior instant of mind/mental functioning gives rise directly to the succeeding instant of mind, there is no gap in their leading into one another. Also called cidiyuan 次第縁. (3) suoyuanyuan 所縁縁 'Object as condition' (ālambana-pratyaya). For the mind to arise, its object must be present, so every object becomes a cause for the mind. These objects are discriminated into the two types of 親 and 疎. (4) zengshangyuan 増上縁 (adhipati-pratyaya) 'Causes beyond direct empowerment.' This group includes all indirect causes outside the above three. Not only those things which give power to the production of results, but things which merely do not impede or hinder. {II} In the Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment 圓覺經, the Four Elements (四大). {III} In the Vajrasaṃādhi-sūtra, the four causes are: (1) 作擇滅力取縁; (2) 本利根淨所集起縁; (3) 本慧大悲力縁; (4) 一覺通智力縁. (T vol. 9, p. 370c) [Dictionary References] Naka508d Iwa339 [Credit] cmuller(entry) cwittern(py)
  (Digital Dictionary of Buddhism - A. Charles Muller)

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