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Pāli Primer

Lily de Silva, M.A., Ph.D.
University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

 Note: VU-Times font (Viet-Pali Unicode) is used in this document

Lesson 30

1. Declension of Adjectives ending in -vantu and -mantu

Attributive adjectives ending in -vantu and -mantu can be declined in all three genders.
They agree with the nouns they qualify in gender, number and case.

Masculine Gender

Guṇavantu - virtuous

  Singular Plural
Nom. guṇavā, guṇavanto guṇavanto, guṇavantā
Voc. guṇavā, guṇava, guṇavanta guṇavanto, guṇavantā
Acc. guṇavantaṃ guṇavanto, guṇavante
Ins. guṇavatā, guṇavantena guṇavantehi (guṇavantebhi)
Abl. guṇavatā, guṇavantamhā, guṇavantasmā guṇavantehi (guṇavantebhi)
Dat. guṇavato, guṇavantassa guṇavataṃ, guṇavantānaṃ
Gen. guṇavato, guṇavantassa guṇavataṃ, guṇavantānaṃ
Loc. guṇavati, guṇavante, guṇavantamhi, guṇavantasmiṃ guṇavantesu

NB: Note the similarities of this declension to the declension of the present participle masculine gender ending in -nta.

Adjectives ending in -mantu are declined as cakkhumā, cakkhumanto etc.

Neuter Gender

Ojavantu - nourishing

  Singular Plural
Nom. ojavantaṃ ojavantāni
Acc. ojavantaṃ ojavantāni

The rest is similar to the declension of masculine adjectives ending in -vantu and -mantu.

Feminine Gender

Guṇavatī / guṇavantī and cakkhumatī / cakkhumantī are the feminine forms of the adjectives ending in -vantu and -mantu. They are declined like kumārī, i.e. feminine nouns ending in -ī.

2. Adjectives ending in -vantu and -mantu

dhanavantu - rich
Bhagavantu - the Fortunate one, the Buddha
yasavantu - famous
kulavantu - of good family
sotavantu - attentive, having ears
sīlavantu - virtuous
saddhāvantu - devoted
satimantu - mindful
cakkhumantu - having eyes
balavantu - powerful
paññavantu - wise
puññavantu - fortunate, meritorious
phalavantu - fruitful
himavantu - Himalayas, possessor of snow
vaṇṇavantu - colourful
bhānumantu - sun, radiant
buddhimantu - intelligent
bandhumantu - having relations

Exercise 30

3. Translate into English:

1. Balavantehi bhūpatīhi arayo parājitā honti.
2. Mayaṃ cakkhūhi bhānumantassa suriyassa rasmiyo oloketuṃ na sakkoma.
3. Bhikkhavo Bhagavatā desitaṃ dhammaṃ sutvā satimantā bhavituṃ vāyamiṃsu.
4. Sīlavantā upāsakā Bhagavantaṃ vanditvā dhammaṃ sutvā satimantā bhavituṃ vāyamiṃsu.
5. Paññavantehi icchitaṃ patthitaṃ samijjhissati.
6. Kulavato bhātā Bhagavatā saha mantento bhūmiyaṃ pattharitāya kilañjāyaṃ (mat) nisinno ahosi.
7. Phalavantesu tarūsu nisinnā pakkhino phalāni khāditvā aṭṭhīni bhūmiyaṃ pātesuṃ.
8. Himavati bahū (many) pasavo ca pakkhī ca uragā (reptiles) ca vasanti.
9. Sīlavantā dhammaṃ sutvā cakkhumantā bhavituṃ ussahissanti.
10. Guṇavato bandhu sīlavatiṃ pañhaṃ pucchi.
11. Guṇavatī yuvati sīlaṃ rakkhantī mātaraṃ posesi.
12. Yasavatiyā bandhavo balavanto pabhuno abhaviṃsu.
13. Dhanavantassa sappurisassa bhariyā puññavatī ahosi.
14. Sīlavantesu vasantā asappurisā pi guṇavantā bhaveyyuṃ.
15. Silavatiyo mātaro putte guṇavante kātuṃ ussahanti.
16. Buddhimā puriso pāpaṃ karonte putte anusāsituṃ paññavantaṃ bhikkhuṃ pakkosi.
17. Kulavato nattā sīlavatā bhikkhunā dhammaṃ sutvā pasīditvā gehaṃ pahāya bhikkhūsu pabbaji.
18. Balavantā pabhuno guṇavanto bhavantu.
19. Dhanavantā balavantā kadāci karahaci (seldom) guṇavantā bhavanti.
20. Himavantasmā āgato paññavā isi sīlavatiyā mātuyā uyyāne atithi ahosi.
21. Dubbalaṃ (weak) sīlavatiṃ itthiṃ disvā anukampamānā dhanavatī taṃ (her) posesi.
22. Himavati phalavantā taravo na chinditabbā honti.
23. Dhammassa viññātāro yasavantā bhavituṃ na ussahanti.
24. Bandhumā balavā hoti, dhanavā bandhumā hoti.
25. Sīlavatī rājinī guṇavatīhi itthīhi saddhiṃ sālāyaṃ nisīditvā yasavatiyā kaññāya kathaṃ suṇi.
26. Guṇavā puriso rukkhamhā ojavantāni phalāni ocinitvā vihāre vasantānaṃ silavantānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vibhaji.
27. Balavatiyā rājiniyā amaccā dhammena dīpe manusse pālesuṃ.
28. Yasavantīnaṃ nārīnaṃ dhītaro pi yasavantiyo bhavissanti.
29. Paññavantiyā yuvatiyā puṭṭho dhanavā pañhaṃ vyākātuṃ asakkonto sabhāyaṃ nisīdi.
30. Bhānumā suriyo manussānaṃ ālokaṃ deti.

4. Translate into Pāli:

1. Sages living in the Himalaya sometimes (kadāci) come to towns.
2. Mindful monks preached the doctrine to wise lay devotees.
3. Fortunate people have virtuous friends and relations.
4. Rich merchants go from village to village selling goods.
5. The virtuous girl was the wife of the rich teacher.
6. The intelligent monk answered the question asked by the powerful eminent person.
7. There are garlands in the hand of the virtuous girl.
8. The rich are famous, the wise are virtuous.
9. You (pl.) do not avoid virtuous and wise men.
10. The Fortunate One is living in the famous island ruled by the powerful king.
11. If a wise monk lives in the village, people will become virtuous.
12. May men of good families become virtuous and wise.
13. People will follow the rich and powerful.
14. The famous king defeated the powerful enemy who has many relations.
15. People with eyes see the radiant sun.

-ooOoo-


English: 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | Appendix

Workbook: 01-05 | 06-10 | 11-15 | 16-20 | 21-25 | 26-32

Vietnamese: 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | Phụ đính

"The Pāli Primer" is a publication of the Vipassana Research Institute (http://www.vri.dhamma.org).
It aims to provide an elementary understanding of the Pali language.


[Back to Main Index - Trở về trang Thư Mục]
last updated: 06-08-2004

Pali Primer
BuddhaSasana Home Page

Unicode VU-Times font


Pāli Primer

Lily de Silva, M.A., Ph.D.
University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

 Note: VU-Times font (Viet-Pali Unicode) is used in this document

Lesson 30

1. Declension of Adjectives ending in -vantu and -mantu

Attributive adjectives ending in -vantu and -mantu can be declined in all three genders.
They agree with the nouns they qualify in gender, number and case.

Masculine Gender

Guṇavantu - virtuous

  Singular Plural
Nom. guṇavā, guṇavanto guṇavanto, guṇavantā
Voc. guṇavā, guṇava, guṇavanta guṇavanto, guṇavantā
Acc. guṇavantaṃ guṇavanto, guṇavante
Ins. guṇavatā, guṇavantena guṇavantehi (guṇavantebhi)
Abl. guṇavatā, guṇavantamhā, guṇavantasmā guṇavantehi (guṇavantebhi)
Dat. guṇavato, guṇavantassa guṇavataṃ, guṇavantānaṃ
Gen. guṇavato, guṇavantassa guṇavataṃ, guṇavantānaṃ
Loc. guṇavati, guṇavante, guṇavantamhi, guṇavantasmiṃ guṇavantesu

NB: Note the similarities of this declension to the declension of the present participle masculine gender ending in -nta.

Adjectives ending in -mantu are declined as cakkhumā, cakkhumanto etc.

Neuter Gender

Ojavantu - nourishing

  Singular Plural
Nom. ojavantaṃ ojavantāni
Acc. ojavantaṃ ojavantāni

The rest is similar to the declension of masculine adjectives ending in -vantu and -mantu.

Feminine Gender

Guṇavatī / guṇavantī and cakkhumatī / cakkhumantī are the feminine forms of the adjectives ending in -vantu and -mantu. They are declined like kumārī, i.e. feminine nouns ending in -ī.

2. Adjectives ending in -vantu and -mantu

dhanavantu - rich
Bhagavantu - the Fortunate one, the Buddha
yasavantu - famous
kulavantu - of good family
sotavantu - attentive, having ears
sīlavantu - virtuous
saddhāvantu - devoted
satimantu - mindful
cakkhumantu - having eyes
balavantu - powerful
paññavantu - wise
puññavantu - fortunate, meritorious
phalavantu - fruitful
himavantu - Himalayas, possessor of snow
vaṇṇavantu - colourful
bhānumantu - sun, radiant
buddhimantu - intelligent
bandhumantu - having relations

Exercise 30

3. Translate into English:

1. Balavantehi bhūpatīhi arayo parājitā honti.
2. Mayaṃ cakkhūhi bhānumantassa suriyassa rasmiyo oloketuṃ na sakkoma.
3. Bhikkhavo Bhagavatā desitaṃ dhammaṃ sutvā satimantā bhavituṃ vāyamiṃsu.
4. Sīlavantā upāsakā Bhagavantaṃ vanditvā dhammaṃ sutvā satimantā bhavituṃ vāyamiṃsu.
5. Paññavantehi icchitaṃ patthitaṃ samijjhissati.
6. Kulavato bhātā Bhagavatā saha mantento bhūmiyaṃ pattharitāya kilañjāyaṃ (mat) nisinno ahosi.
7. Phalavantesu tarūsu nisinnā pakkhino phalāni khāditvā aṭṭhīni bhūmiyaṃ pātesuṃ.
8. Himavati bahū (many) pasavo ca pakkhī ca uragā (reptiles) ca vasanti.
9. Sīlavantā dhammaṃ sutvā cakkhumantā bhavituṃ ussahissanti.
10. Guṇavato bandhu sīlavatiṃ pañhaṃ pucchi.
11. Guṇavatī yuvati sīlaṃ rakkhantī mātaraṃ posesi.
12. Yasavatiyā bandhavo balavanto pabhuno abhaviṃsu.
13. Dhanavantassa sappurisassa bhariyā puññavatī ahosi.
14. Sīlavantesu vasantā asappurisā pi guṇavantā bhaveyyuṃ.
15. Silavatiyo mātaro putte guṇavante kātuṃ ussahanti.
16. Buddhimā puriso pāpaṃ karonte putte anusāsituṃ paññavantaṃ bhikkhuṃ pakkosi.
17. Kulavato nattā sīlavatā bhikkhunā dhammaṃ sutvā pasīditvā gehaṃ pahāya bhikkhūsu pabbaji.
18. Balavantā pabhuno guṇavanto bhavantu.
19. Dhanavantā balavantā kadāci karahaci (seldom) guṇavantā bhavanti.
20. Himavantasmā āgato paññavā isi sīlavatiyā mātuyā uyyāne atithi ahosi.
21. Dubbalaṃ (weak) sīlavatiṃ itthiṃ disvā anukampamānā dhanavatī taṃ (her) posesi.
22. Himavati phalavantā taravo na chinditabbā honti.
23. Dhammassa viññātāro yasavantā bhavituṃ na ussahanti.
24. Bandhumā balavā hoti, dhanavā bandhumā hoti.
25. Sīlavatī rājinī guṇavatīhi itthīhi saddhiṃ sālāyaṃ nisīditvā yasavatiyā kaññāya kathaṃ suṇi.
26. Guṇavā puriso rukkhamhā ojavantāni phalāni ocinitvā vihāre vasantānaṃ silavantānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vibhaji.
27. Balavatiyā rājiniyā amaccā dhammena dīpe manusse pālesuṃ.
28. Yasavantīnaṃ nārīnaṃ dhītaro pi yasavantiyo bhavissanti.
29. Paññavantiyā yuvatiyā puṭṭho dhanavā pañhaṃ vyākātuṃ asakkonto sabhāyaṃ nisīdi.
30. Bhānumā suriyo manussānaṃ ālokaṃ deti.

4. Translate into Pāli:

1. Sages living in the Himalaya sometimes (kadāci) come to towns.
2. Mindful monks preached the doctrine to wise lay devotees.
3. Fortunate people have virtuous friends and relations.
4. Rich merchants go from village to village selling goods.
5. The virtuous girl was the wife of the rich teacher.
6. The intelligent monk answered the question asked by the powerful eminent person.
7. There are garlands in the hand of the virtuous girl.
8. The rich are famous, the wise are virtuous.
9. You (pl.) do not avoid virtuous and wise men.
10. The Fortunate One is living in the famous island ruled by the powerful king.
11. If a wise monk lives in the village, people will become virtuous.
12. May men of good families become virtuous and wise.
13. People will follow the rich and powerful.
14. The famous king defeated the powerful enemy who has many relations.
15. People with eyes see the radiant sun.

-ooOoo-


English: 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | Appendix

Workbook: 01-05 | 06-10 | 11-15 | 16-20 | 21-25 | 26-32

Vietnamese: 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | Phụ đính

"The Pāli Primer" is a publication of the Vipassana Research Institute (http://www.vri.dhamma.org).
It aims to provide an elementary understanding of the Pali language.


[Back to Main Index - Trở về trang Thư Mục]
last updated: 06-08-2004